Active Directory Credentials-

Definition:
A set of authentication information—typically a username and password—used to verify a user’s identity within an Active Directory (AD) domain.

Components of AD Credentials:

1. Username:
   • Usually in the form of domain\username or username@domain.com
   • Unique within the domain
   • Identifies the account to the AD domain
2. Password:
   • Secret string known only to the user and the authentication system
   • Must meet complexity requirements defined by Group Policy
3. (Optional) Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):
   • Some AD environments use an additional factor, like a mobile app, smart card, or biometric device, to strengthen security

Purpose and Use:-

Active Directory credentials are used to:

• Log into Windows domain-joined devices
• Access network resources (e.g., shared drives, printers, intranet)
• Authenticate with services integrated with AD (e.g., Microsoft Exchange, SharePoint)
• Apply group policies and security permissions

How It Works:-

1. User signs in with their AD credentials on a domain-joined device.
2. The system sends the credentials to a Domain Controller for verification.
3. If correct, the Domain Controller issues a Kerberos ticket (or NTLM response) for access.
4. The user gains access to resources based on permissions defined in AD.

Security Considerations:-

• Passwords should follow complexity rules and be rotated regularly.
• Use of account lockout policies helps protect against brute-force attacks.
• Credential theft (e.g., through phishing or malware) is a major concern—use of MFA and endpoint protection is recommended.